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151 / Mesozoic
Pentoxylon
Pentoxylon sahnii
Several separate woody columns occupied one stem beneath clusters of long leaves and unusual male and female organs.
Structured expansion · editorial review pending
- Time range
- About 145–100 million years ago
- Final stage
- Early Cretaceous
- Geographic range
- Seasonal Gondwanan woodland · Present-day India and Antarctica
01 / ANSWER FIRST
What was Pentoxylon?
This archive records Pentoxylon under the scientific name Pentoxylon sahnii, with an age of About 145–100 million years ago and a range of Seasonal Gondwanan woodland · Present-day India and Antarctica. Several separate woody columns occupied one stem beneath clusters of long leaves and unusual male and female organs.
Pentoxylon represents an entirely extinct seed-plant order. Shrubby or small-tree shoots had polystelic wood, strap leaves on short shoots and compact, separate ovule and pollen structures.
02 / QUICK FACTS
Pentoxylon at a glance
- Scientific name
- Pentoxylon sahnii
- Age
- About 145–100 million years ago
- Last recorded stage
- Early Cretaceous
- Known range
- Seasonal Gondwanan woodland · Present-day India and Antarctica
- Broad group
- plant
- Archive era
- Mesozoic
- Habitat signals
- Forest · Polar
- Documented regions
- Asia · Antarctica
03 / ANATOMY
How was Pentoxylon built?
Overall body plan
Several separate woody columns occupied one stem beneath clusters of long leaves and unusual male and female organs.
Growth architecture
The available record is interpreted through preserved proportions, attachment surfaces, wear and comparison with related organisms. For Pentoxylon, those observations must be separated from features added only for visual reconstruction.
Reproductive structures
Pentoxylon represents an entirely extinct seed-plant order. Shrubby or small-tree shoots had polystelic wood, strap leaves on short shoots and compact, separate ovule and pollen structures.
Growth and individual variation
A single specimen does not define the whole species. Size, maturity, preservation and possible sex differences are considered before anatomical traits are treated as typical of Pentoxylon.
04 / DIET & BEHAVIOUR
How did Pentoxylon live?
Pentoxylon represents an entirely extinct seed-plant order. Shrubby or small-tree shoots had polystelic wood, strap leaves on short shoots and compact, separate ovule and pollen structures. This ecological reconstruction is strongest where anatomy, associated organisms and the depositional setting point in the same direction.
05 / DIET & BEHAVIOUR
What shaped its ecological limits?
Its populations depended on plant communities, soils, water availability and climate. Changes in any one factor did not necessarily cause immediate extinction, but interacting pressures could reduce range, recruitment and resilience.
06 / RANGE & HABITAT
Where and when did Pentoxylon live?
This archive currently lists About 145–100 million years ago; Seasonal Gondwanan woodland · Present-day India and Antarctica. Fossil or historical occurrence data describe where evidence has been found, not every place the taxon once occupied. Species-level age and range limits still require source-specific review.
Documented geographic range
Seasonal Gondwanan woodland · Present-day India and Antarctica. This boundary can change when specimens are reidentified or new localities are published.
Time window
About 145–100 million years ago, with the final recorded stage listed as Early Cretaceous. Rock units and dating uncertainty mean the true biological range may extend beyond the known record.
Environmental setting
The archive uses the broad habitat labels Forest · Polar. These labels help explore related records; a habitat reconstruction requires evidence from individual localities.
07 / FOSSIL EVIDENCE
What evidence supports reconstructions of Pentoxylon?
Primary record
Petrified stems, leaves, pollen organs and ovulate structures from the Rajmahal Hills have been reconstructed as one plant.
Comparative anatomy
Preserved structures are compared with close and functionally similar organisms. The method can constrain posture and function, but analogy alone cannot prove colour, behaviour or soft tissue.
Age and locality
Stratigraphy and occurrence records place Pentoxylon within About 145–100 million years ago and Seasonal Gondwanan woodland · Present-day India and Antarctica. Reworked fossils and uncertain provenance are treated cautiously.
Open entity records
Links below connect the archive to available taxonomic and occurrence records. A matching name does not verify every ecological claim, and related-taxon links provide comparison rather than an exact species match.
08 / DISAPPEARANCE & DEBATE
Why did Pentoxylon disappear?
Cretaceous Gondwanan floral turnover and rapidly expanding angiosperms probably narrowed its ecological space.
The last fossil or observation marks the youngest evidence currently known, not necessarily the death of the final individual. Explanations are strongest when timing, environmental change and population biology agree; otherwise the profile preserves uncertainty instead of assigning a single dramatic cause.
09 / FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Pentoxylon FAQ
What was Pentoxylon?
This archive records Pentoxylon under the scientific name Pentoxylon sahnii, with an age of About 145–100 million years ago. Several separate woody columns occupied one stem beneath clusters of long leaves and unusual male and female organs.
When did Pentoxylon live?
The current archive range is About 145–100 million years ago; its youngest recorded stage is Early Cretaceous.
Where was Pentoxylon found?
The archive currently lists Seasonal Gondwanan woodland · Present-day India and Antarctica. Species-level locality assignments and the full geographic range still require source-specific review.
How do scientists know about Pentoxylon?
Petrified stems, leaves, pollen organs and ovulate structures from the Rajmahal Hills have been reconstructed as one plant.
04 / SOURCES & FURTHER READING
Check the source record
Use the scientific name to compare taxonomy, occurrence records and the fossil record. Database coverage and classifications may differ.
05 / REVISION HISTORY
How has this record changed?
- Completed an AI-assisted bilingual audit of the archive record, corrected identified issues and clarified evidence limits; independent editorial review is pending.
- Expanded into a structured bilingual profile with anatomy, ecology, range, evidence, debate and FAQs; independent editorial review is pending.
- Verified authoritative entity sources and added three responsive reconstruction sizes.
- Initial bilingual species record published.
06 / CORRECTIONS & ADDITIONS