# EXTINCT ATLAS WIKI / 灭绝生物图鉴

> A Chinese, English, Spanish and French encyclopedia of 570 extinct animals, plants, fungi, algae and other organisms spanning nearly two billion years. Each archive separates scientific context from original generative visual reconstruction.

Canonical site: https://extinctatlas.com/

## Core pages

- [English life archive](https://extinctatlas.com/archive): Browse and search all 570 extinct organisms in English.
- [Chinese life archive](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/archive): Browse and search all 570 extinct organisms in Chinese.
- [Spanish life archive](https://extinctatlas.com/es/archive): Browse and search all 570 extinct organisms in Spanish.
- [French life archive](https://extinctatlas.com/fr/archive): Browse and search all 570 extinct organisms in French.
- [Curated collections](https://extinctatlas.com/collections/plants): Topic pages for plants, insects, dinosaurs, ancient oceans and recent extinctions.
- [Indexable category pages](https://extinctatlas.com/category/plants): Ten broad biological categories including plants, insects, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, mammals, invertebrates, fungi and algae.
- [Indexable era pages](https://extinctatlas.com/era/precambrian): Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic and recent-extinction aggregates.
- [About EXTINCT ATLAS](https://extinctatlas.com/about): Scope, purpose and project identity.
- [Editorial policy](https://extinctatlas.com/editorial-policy): Research, uncertainty, citation and reconstruction standards.
- [Privacy](https://extinctatlas.com/privacy): Analytics and visitor privacy information.
- [Terms of use](https://extinctatlas.com/terms): Boundaries for summaries, reconstructions and external links.
- [Corrections and additions](https://extinctatlas.com/contribute): Requirements for submitting factual corrections and named sources.

## Authority, teaching and reusable data

- [Educator downloads](https://extinctatlas.com/educators): Free printable dinosaur timeline, size chart and six-page classroom activity pack.
- [Citable research data](https://extinctatlas.com/data): Dataset methodology and specimen-verified preview.
- [CSV dataset](https://extinctatlas.com/datasets/species.csv): All 570 structured archive records, with verified specimen fields left explicit and unknown fields left blank.
- [OliverHart — managing editor](https://extinctatlas.com/authors/oliver-hart): Named-author identity, responsibilities and external-review boundaries.
- [Research and museum updates](https://extinctatlas.com/updates): Evidence-led summaries with direct paper or museum citations and visible review status.
- [Media, museum and education partnerships](https://extinctatlas.com/media-kit): Citation guidance, correction routes and collaboration standards.

## Evidence-led topic hubs

- [Dinosaurs](https://extinctatlas.com/category/dinosaurs): An answer-first topic hub covering dinosaur definitions, evolution, geological timeline, major groups, size, feathers, diet, continents, extinction, FAQs, sources and all 70 dinosaur records.
- [恐龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/category/dinosaurs): 与英文结构一致的恐龙主题中心，涵盖定义、演化、地质时间线、主要类群、体型、羽毛、食性、大陆分布、灭绝、常见问题、来源与70个恐龙档案。
- [Woolly Mammoth](https://extinctatlas.com/species/woolly-mammoth): A complete profile covering size, anatomy, diet, habitat, range, fossil evidence, timeline and extinction debate.
- [Woolly Mammoth Size, Height and Weight](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/woolly-mammoth-size-height-weight): Museum-grounded measurements, sexual dimorphism, tusks and living-elephant comparisons.
- [Why Did Woolly Mammoths Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-did-woolly-mammoths-go-extinct): Climate, humans, island refuges, ancient DNA and unresolved scientific questions.
- [真猛犸象](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/woolly-mammoth): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、解剖、食性、栖息地、化石、时间线与灭绝争议。
- [真猛犸象的体型、身高与体重](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/woolly-mammoth-size-height-weight): 基于博物馆资料的测量、雌雄差异、长牙与现生象类比较。
- [真猛犸象为什么灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-did-woolly-mammoths-go-extinct): 气候、人类、岛屿种群、古DNA与尚未解决的科学问题。
- [Dodo](https://extinctatlas.com/species/dodo): A complete profile covering size, appearance, anatomy, diet, habitat, specimen evidence, timeline and extinction.
- [Dodo Size, Height, Weight and Appearance](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/dodo-size-height-weight-appearance): Modern skeletal and volumetric estimates, plumage evidence and the origins of the fat-dodo image.
- [Why Did the Dodo Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-did-the-dodo-go-extinct): Hunting, introduced mammals, habitat change, historical records and uncertainty around the final date.
- [渡渡鸟](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/dodo): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、外形、解剖、食性、栖息地、标本证据、时间线与灭绝。
- [渡渡鸟体型、身高、体重与外形](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/dodo-size-height-weight-appearance): 现代骨骼与体积估算、羽毛证据以及肥胖渡渡鸟形象的来源。
- [渡渡鸟为什么灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-did-the-dodo-go-extinct): 猎捕、外来哺乳动物、栖息地改变、历史记录与最终日期的不确定性。
- [Tyrannosaurus rex](https://extinctatlas.com/species/tyrannosaurus): A complete profile covering size, growth, anatomy, senses, diet, predation evidence, fossils, range and extinction.
- [Tyrannosaurus rex Size, Height and Weight](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/tyrannosaurus-rex-size-height-weight): Specimen-based measurements, SUE and Scotty, growth, comparison and estimation methods.
- [What Did Tyrannosaurus rex Eat?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/what-did-tyrannosaurus-rex-eat): Prey, active predation, scavenging, bite force, bone consumption and juvenile niche change.
- [霸王龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/tyrannosaurus): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、生长、解剖、感官、食性、捕食证据、化石、分布与灭绝。
- [霸王龙的体型、身高与体重](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/tyrannosaurus-rex-size-height-weight): 基于标本的测量、SUE与Scotty、生长、比较与估算方法。
- [霸王龙吃什么？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/what-did-tyrannosaurus-rex-eat): 猎物、主动捕食、食腐、咬合力、食骨行为与幼体生态位变化。
- [Triceratops](https://extinctatlas.com/species/triceratops): A complete profile covering size, horns, frill, growth, diet, combat, Tyrannosaurus encounters, fossils, range and extinction.
- [Triceratops Size, Horns and Frill](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/triceratops-size-horns-frill): Evidence-led measurements, skull anatomy, horn sheaths, frill function and growth changes.
- [How Did Triceratops Defend Itself?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/triceratops-defense-fighting-tyrannosaurus): Horn combat, display, tyrannosaur bite evidence, social behaviour and the limits of fossil interpretation.
- [三角龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/triceratops): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、角、颈盾、生长、食性、打斗、霸王龙相遇证据、化石、分布与灭绝。
- [三角龙的体型、角与颈盾](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/triceratops-size-horns-frill): 基于证据的体型测量、头骨解剖、角鞘、颈盾功能与生长变化。
- [三角龙如何保护自己？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/triceratops-defense-fighting-tyrannosaurus): 角斗、展示、暴龙类咬痕、社会行为与化石解释边界。
- [Megalodon](https://extinctatlas.com/species/megalodon): A complete profile covering size, teeth, body shape, diet, habitat, extinction evidence and reconstruction uncertainty.
- [Megalodon Size, Teeth and Body Shape](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/megalodon-size-teeth-body-shape): Tooth equations, rare vertebrae, body-mass models and the evidence behind the exceptional 24.3-metre estimate.
- [Why Did Megalodon Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-did-megalodon-go-extinct): Pliocene cooling, prey turnover, nursery habitat, competition and the limits of single-cause explanations.
- [巨齿鲨](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/megalodon): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、牙齿、身体形态、食性、栖息地、灭绝证据与复原不确定性。
- [巨齿鲨的体型、牙齿与身体形态](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/megalodon-size-teeth-body-shape): 牙齿方程、少见椎体、体重模型与24.3米特殊估算背后的证据。
- [巨齿鲨为什么灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-did-megalodon-go-extinct): 上新世降温、猎物更替、育幼生境、竞争与单因解释边界。
- [Spinosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/spinosaurus): A complete profile covering size, sail, skull, tail, fish-eating adaptations, habitat and the scientific swimming debate.
- [Spinosaurus Size, Sail and Body Shape](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/spinosaurus-size-sail-body-shape): Incomplete skeletons, changing proportions, body mass, posture and responsible reconstruction.
- [Could Spinosaurus Swim and What Did It Eat?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/could-spinosaurus-swim-and-what-did-it-eat): Fish-eating anatomy, tail propulsion, dense bones and competing aquatic interpretations.
- [棘龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/spinosaurus): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、背帆、头骨、尾部、食鱼适应、栖息地与游泳争议。
- [棘龙的体型、背帆与身体形态](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/spinosaurus-size-sail-body-shape): 不完整骨架、变化中的身体比例、体重、姿势与负责任复原。
- [棘龙会游泳吗，又吃什么？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/could-spinosaurus-swim-and-what-did-it-eat): 食鱼解剖、尾部推进、高骨密度与相互竞争的水生解释。
- [Velociraptor](https://extinctatlas.com/species/velociraptor): A complete profile covering real size, feathers, winged arms, sickle claw, Gobi habitat, combat and hunting evidence.
- [Velociraptor Size, Feathers and Movie Myths](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/velociraptor-size-feathers-vs-movies): Real dimensions, direct feather evidence, flight limits and the origin of the movie image.
- [How Did Velociraptor Hunt and Use Its Sickle Claw?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-velociraptor-hunt-sickle-claw): Fighting Dinosaurs evidence, prey restraint, biting, scavenging and the lack of pack-hunting proof.
- [伶盗龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/velociraptor): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖真实体型、羽毛、翼状前肢、镰刀爪、戈壁栖息地与捕猎证据。
- [伶盗龙的体型、羽毛与电影误区](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/velociraptor-size-feathers-vs-movies): 真实尺寸、直接羽毛证据、飞行限制与电影形象来源。
- [伶盗龙如何捕猎并使用镰刀爪？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-velociraptor-hunt-sickle-claw): 搏斗恐龙、猎物控制、咬击、食腐与缺少群猎证据。
- [Mosasaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/mosasaurus): A complete profile covering size, body shape, tail, diet, habitat, fossil evidence and extinction.
- [Mosasaurus Size, Body Shape and Jurassic World Myths](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/mosasaurus-size-body-shape-vs-jurassic-world): Skeleton-based dimensions, paddle limbs, tail reconstruction and movie-scale myths.
- [What Did Mosasaurus Eat and How Did It Hunt?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/what-did-mosasaurus-eat-and-how-did-it-hunt): Gut contents, bite traces, teeth, prey diversity and hunting limits.
- [沧龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/mosasaurus): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、身体形态、尾部、食性、栖息地、化石证据与灭绝。
- [沧龙的体型、身体形态与电影误区](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/mosasaurus-size-body-shape-vs-jurassic-world): 基于骨架的尺寸、鳍状肢、尾部复原与电影比例误区。
- [沧龙吃什么，又如何捕猎？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/what-did-mosasaurus-eat-and-how-did-it-hunt): 胃内容物、咬痕、牙齿、猎物多样性与捕猎证据边界。
- [Smilodon](https://extinctatlas.com/species/smilodon): A complete profile covering size, saber teeth, anatomy, diet, habitat, social debate and extinction.
- [Smilodon Size, Saber Teeth and Body Shape](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/smilodon-size-sabers-body-shape): La Brea skeletons, robust forelimbs, jaw gape and responsible reconstruction.
- [How Did Smilodon Hunt and Why Did It Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-smilodon-hunt-and-why-extinct): Prey restraint, saber protection, social-care evidence and multi-factor extinction.
- [剑齿虎](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/smilodon): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、剑齿、解剖、食性、栖息地、社会性争议与灭绝。
- [剑齿虎的体型、剑齿与身体形态](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/smilodon-size-sabers-body-shape): 拉布雷亚骨架、强壮前肢、张口角度与负责任复原。
- [剑齿虎如何捕猎，又为何灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-smilodon-hunt-and-why-extinct): 猎物控制、剑齿保护、社会照护证据与多因素灭绝。
- [Dire Wolf](https://extinctatlas.com/species/dire-wolf): A complete profile covering size, ancient DNA, diet, social behaviour, habitat and extinction.
- [Dire Wolf Size, DNA and Comparison with Gray Wolves](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/dire-wolf-size-dna-vs-gray-wolf): Real dimensions, convergent anatomy, Aenocyon and ancient-genome evidence.
- [Dire Wolf Diet, Pack Hunting and Extinction](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/dire-wolf-diet-pack-hunting-extinction): Isotopes, La Brea bias, social inference and prey collapse.
- [恐狼](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/dire-wolf): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、古DNA、食性、社会行为、栖息地与灭绝。
- [恐狼的体型、DNA与灰狼比较](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/dire-wolf-size-dna-vs-gray-wolf): 真实尺寸、趋同解剖、Aenocyon与古基因组证据。
- [恐狼的食性、群猎与灭绝](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/dire-wolf-diet-pack-hunting-extinction): 同位素、拉布雷亚偏差、社会性推断与猎物崩塌。
- [Stegosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/stegosaurus): A complete profile covering size, plates, tail spikes, diet, habitat, defence and extinction.
- [Stegosaurus Size, Plates and the Two-Brain Myth](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/stegosaurus-size-plates-brain): Sophie, plate arrangement, mass estimates and the sacral-cavity myth.
- [How Did Stegosaurus Defend Itself Against Allosaurus?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/stegosaurus-tail-defense-allosaurus): Healed spikes, a punctured predator vertebra and tail biomechanics.
- [剑龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/stegosaurus): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、背板、尾刺、食性、栖息地、防御与灭绝。
- [剑龙的体型、背板与“两颗脑”误区](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/stegosaurus-size-plates-brain): Sophie标本、背板排列、体重估算与骶部空腔误区。
- [剑龙如何防御异特龙？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/stegosaurus-tail-defense-allosaurus): 愈合尾刺、捕食者穿刺椎骨与尾部生物力学。
- [Ankylosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/ankylosaurus): A complete profile covering size, armour, tail-club anatomy, diet, habitat, defence and extinction.
- [Ankylosaurus Size, Armor and Tail Club Anatomy](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/ankylosaurus-size-armor-tail-club): Fragmentary skeletons, osteoderm placement, skull armour and club construction.
- [Could Ankylosaurus Defend Itself Against Tyrannosaurus?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/ankylosaurus-tail-club-vs-tyrannosaurus): Shared habitat, impact models, armour limits and the evidence boundary around imagined battles.
- [甲龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/ankylosaurus): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、装甲、尾锤解剖、食性、栖息地、防御与灭绝。
- [甲龙的体型、装甲与尾锤解剖](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/ankylosaurus-size-armor-tail-club): 零散骨架、皮内骨排列、头部装甲与尾锤结构。
- [甲龙能防御霸王龙吗？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/ankylosaurus-tail-club-vs-tyrannosaurus): 共同栖息地、冲击模型、装甲边界与想象战斗的证据边界。
- [Brachiosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/brachiosaurus): A complete profile covering size, height, neck, air sacs, diet, habitat, identity and extinction.
- [Brachiosaurus Size, Height, Weight and Giraffatitan](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/brachiosaurus-size-height-weight-giraffatitan): Holotype evidence, mass uncertainty, tall shoulders and the African-genus distinction.
- [How Did Brachiosaurus Hold Its Neck and Feed?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-brachiosaurus-feed-and-hold-neck): Neck posture, high browsing, teeth, air sacs and circulatory constraints.
- [腕龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/brachiosaurus): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖体型、身高、长颈、气囊、食性、栖息地、身份与灭绝。
- [腕龙的体型、身高、体重与长颈巨龙辨析](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/brachiosaurus-size-height-weight-giraffatitan): 正模证据、体重不确定性、高肩与非洲近缘属辨析。
- [腕龙如何抬颈与取食？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-brachiosaurus-feed-and-hold-neck): 颈部姿势、高位取食、牙齿、气囊与循环约束。
- [Diplodocus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/diplodocus): A complete profile covering measured size, neck posture, teeth, Morrison habitat, tail mechanics and reconstruction uncertainty.
- [Diplodocus Size, Neck, Tail and Posture](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/diplodocus-size-neck-tail-posture): Skeleton-based dimensions, mass models, feeding envelope, balance and responsible reconstruction.
- [Did Diplodocus Use Its Tail Like a Whip?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/did-diplodocus-use-its-tail-like-a-whip): Historic sonic-boom modelling, air drag, tissue limits and plausible slower functions.
- [梁龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/diplodocus): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖实测体型、颈部姿态、牙齿、莫里森生境、尾部力学与复原边界。
- [梁龙的体型、长颈、尾部与姿态](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/diplodocus-size-neck-tail-posture): 基于骨架的尺寸、体重模型、取食范围、平衡与负责任复原。
- [梁龙会把尾巴当鞭子吗？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/did-diplodocus-use-its-tail-like-a-whip): 历史音爆模型、空气阻力、组织极限与合理的较慢功能。
- [Quetzalcoatlus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/quetzalcoatlus): A complete profile covering giant wing fossils, size, flight, walking, launch, feeding and extinction.
- [Quetzalcoatlus Size, Wingspan and Flight](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/quetzalcoatlus-size-wingspan-flight): Fragmentary giant bones, scaling, mass, flight apparatus and performance limits.
- [How Did Quetzalcoatlus Walk, Launch and Feed?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-quetzalcoatlus-walk-launch-and-feed): Quadrupedal gait, competing launch models, inland ecology and prey evidence.
- [风神翼龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/quetzalcoatlus): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖巨型翼骨、体型、飞行、行走、起飞、取食与灭绝。
- [风神翼龙的体型、翼展与飞行](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/quetzalcoatlus-size-wingspan-flight): 巨型零散骨骼、缩放、体重、飞行装置与性能边界。
- [风神翼龙如何行走、起飞与取食？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-quetzalcoatlus-walk-launch-and-feed): 四足步态、竞争性起飞模型、内陆生态与猎物证据。
- [Dunkleosteus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/dunkleosteus): A complete profile covering revised size, armour, body shape, jaw blades, prey and Late Devonian extinction.
- [Dunkleosteus Size, Armor and Body Shape](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/dunkleosteus-size-armor-body-shape): The evidence behind the compact 3.4-metre reconstruction and limits of missing postcranial fossils.
- [How Did Dunkleosteus Bite and Hunt?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-dunkleosteus-bite-and-hunt): Bony blades, four-bar linkage, revised force assumptions and prey evidence.
- [邓氏鱼](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/dunkleosteus): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖修订体型、装甲、身体形态、颌板、猎物与晚泥盆世灭绝。
- [邓氏鱼的体型、装甲与身体形态](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/dunkleosteus-size-armor-body-shape): 紧凑3.4米复原背后的证据与躯干化石缺失边界。
- [邓氏鱼如何咬合与捕猎？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-dunkleosteus-bite-and-hunt): 骨质刃、四杆联动、修订力量假设与猎物证据。
- [Titanoboa](https://extinctatlas.com/species/titanoboa): A complete profile covering vertebral and skull estimates, mass, Cerrejón habitat, diet and climate uncertainty.
- [Titanoboa Size and Weight vs Anaconda](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/titanoboa-size-weight-vs-anaconda): 12.8- and 14.3-metre models, mass scaling, uncertainty and valid anaconda comparison.
- [How Did Titanoboa Live and What Did It Eat?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-titanoboa-live-and-what-did-it-eat): Cerrejón rivers, fish-rich diet evidence, crocodilian claims and climate limits.
- [泰坦巨蟒](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/titanoboa): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖椎骨与头骨估算、体重、塞雷洪生境、食性与气候不确定性。
- [泰坦巨蟒的体型与体重：对比森蚺](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/titanoboa-size-weight-vs-anaconda): 12.8与14.3米模型、体重缩放、不确定性与有效森蚺比较。
- [泰坦巨蟒如何生活，又吃什么？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-titanoboa-live-and-what-did-it-eat): 塞雷洪河流、鱼类占重要比例的证据、食鳄说与气候推断边界。
- [Thylacine](https://extinctatlas.com/species/thylacine): A complete profile covering marsupial identity, size, stripes, diet, range, persecution and extinction evidence.
- [Thylacine Size, Stripes, Jaws and Marsupial Anatomy](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/thylacine-size-stripes-jaw-marsupial-anatomy): Specimen-based size, convergent anatomy, pouch, gait and reconstruction limits.
- [Why Did the Thylacine Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-did-the-thylacine-go-extinct): Bounties, landscape change, dogs, disease, last records and sighting uncertainty.
- [袋狼](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/thylacine): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖有袋类身份、体型、条纹、食性、分布、捕杀与灭绝证据。
- [袋狼的体型、条纹、颌部与有袋类解剖](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/thylacine-size-stripes-jaw-marsupial-anatomy): 基于标本的体型、趋同解剖、育儿袋、步态与复原边界。
- [袋狼为什么灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-did-the-thylacine-go-extinct): 悬赏、景观变化、犬类、疾病、最后记录与目击不确定性。
- [Anomalocaris](https://extinctatlas.com/species/anomalocaris): A complete profile covering the composite discovery, size, eyes, appendages, swimming and revised prey evidence.
- [Anomalocaris Size, Anatomy, Eyes and Swimming](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/anomalocaris-size-anatomy-eyes-swimming): Reassembled anatomy, compound vision, flap propulsion and responsible scale.
- [What Did Anomalocaris Eat and How Did It Hunt?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/what-did-anomalocaris-eat-and-how-did-it-hunt): Appendage mechanics, oral-cone limits and the soft-prey model.
- [奇虾](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/anomalocaris): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖拼图式发现、体型、复眼、附肢、游泳与修订猎物证据。
- [奇虾的体型、解剖、眼睛与游泳](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/anomalocaris-size-anatomy-eyes-swimming): 重组解剖、复眼视觉、侧叶推进与负责任尺度。
- [奇虾吃什么，又如何捕猎？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/what-did-anomalocaris-eat-and-how-did-it-hunt): 附肢力学、口锥边界与软体猎物模型。
- [Trilobites](https://extinctatlas.com/species/trilobite): A class-level hub explaining more than 20,000 species, anatomy, eyes, molting, ecology and extinction.
- [Trilobite Anatomy, Eyes, Molting and Enrollment](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/trilobite-anatomy-eyes-molting-enrollment): Three-lobed shells, soft parts, calcite eyes, growth and defensive enrollment.
- [How Did Trilobites Live and Why Did They Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-trilobites-live-and-why-did-they-go-extinct): Diverse marine roles, trace fossils, repeated crises and the end-Permian finale.
- [三叶虫](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/trilobite): 解释超过2万物种、解剖、眼睛、蜕壳、生态与灭绝的纲级中文主题中心。
- [三叶虫的解剖、眼睛、蜕壳与卷曲](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/trilobite-anatomy-eyes-molting-enrollment): 三叶式甲壳、软体、方解石眼、生长与防御卷曲。
- [三叶虫如何生活，又为何灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-trilobites-live-and-why-did-they-go-extinct): 多样海洋角色、痕迹化石、反复危机与二叠纪末终章。
- [Opabinia](https://extinctatlas.com/species/opabinia): A complete profile covering five eyes, clawed proboscis, backward-facing mouth, swimming and stem-arthropod evidence.
- [Opabinia's Five Eyes, Proboscis and Anatomy](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/opabinia-five-eyes-proboscis-anatomy): Rare specimen evidence for the eyes, feeding organ, flaps, gills, gut and tail.
- [How Did Opabinia Live and What Did It Eat?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-opabinia-live-and-what-did-it-eat): Near-bottom swimming, visual sensing, food transfer and behavioural limits.
- [欧巴宾虫](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/opabinia): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖五眼、带钳长吻、后向口、游泳与节肢动物干群证据。
- [欧巴宾虫的五眼、长吻与解剖](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/opabinia-five-eyes-proboscis-anatomy): 稀有标本对眼、取食器官、游泳叶、鳃、肠与尾的证据。
- [欧巴宾虫如何生活，又吃什么？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-opabinia-live-and-what-did-it-eat): 近底游泳、视觉感知、食物传递与行为边界。
- [Hallucigenia](https://extinctatlas.com/species/hallucigenia): A complete profile covering tiny scale, dorsal spines, clawed legs, head anatomy, habitat and reconstruction history.
- [Hallucigenia Anatomy: Spines, Legs, Claws and Head](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/hallucigenia-anatomy-spines-legs-head): Specimen evidence for scale, armour, lobopods, layered claws and velvet-worm relationships.
- [Why Was Hallucigenia Reconstructed Upside Down?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-was-hallucigenia-reconstructed-upside-down): Flattened fossils, the 1977 model, comparative lobopodians and the corrected head.
- [怪诞虫](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/hallucigenia): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖微小尺度、背刺、带爪步足、头部、生境与复原史。
- [怪诞虫解剖：背刺、足、爪与头部](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/hallucigenia-anatomy-spines-legs-head): 尺度、装甲、叶足、分层爪与有爪动物关系的标本证据。
- [怪诞虫为什么曾被上下颠倒复原？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-was-hallucigenia-reconstructed-upside-down): 压扁化石、1977年模型、叶足动物比较与纠正后的头部。
- [Arthropleura](https://extinctatlas.com/species/arthropleura): A complete profile covering estimated giant size, many legs, armour, myriapod identity, habitat and unresolved diet.
- [Arthropleura Size, Legs, Armour and Head](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/arthropleura-size-legs-armor-head): Partial exoskeletons, trackways, juvenile heads and the limits of giant reconstruction.
- [What Did Arthropleura Eat, and Why Was It So Large?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/what-did-arthropleura-eat-and-why-was-it-so-large): Diet uncertainty, plant evidence, oxygen, habitat and multi-factor gigantism.
- [节胸蜈蚣](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/arthropleura): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖巨型体型估算、多足、装甲、多足类身份、生境与未决食性。
- [节胸蜈蚣的体型、足、装甲与头部](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/arthropleura-size-legs-armor-head): 部分外骨骼、足迹、幼体头部与巨型复原边界。
- [节胸蜈蚣吃什么，又为何如此巨大？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/what-did-arthropleura-eat-and-why-was-it-so-large): 食性不确定性、植物证据、氧气、生境与多因素巨型化。
- [Meganeura](https://extinctatlas.com/species/meganeura): A complete profile covering measured wingspan, griffinfly identity, aerial predation, flight and Carboniferous oxygen evidence.
- [Meganeura Size, Wings and Flight vs Dragonflies](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/meganeura-size-wings-flight-vs-dragonfly): Fossil measurements, the 71-centimetre claim, griffinfly taxonomy and aerodynamic limits.
- [Why Were Carboniferous Insects So Large?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-were-carboniferous-insects-so-large): Oxygen proxies, tracheal physiology, fossil size trends, ecology and decline.
- [巨脉蜻蜓](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/meganeura): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖实测翼展、巨差翅类身份、空中捕食、飞行与石炭纪氧气证据。
- [巨脉蜻蜓的体型、翅与飞行：对比现代蜻蜓](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/meganeura-size-wings-flight-vs-dragonfly): 化石测量、71厘米主张、巨差翅类分类与空气动力边界。
- [石炭纪昆虫为什么如此巨大？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-were-carboniferous-insects-so-large): 氧气代理、气管生理、化石体型趋势、生态与衰退。
- [Megatherium](https://extinctatlas.com/species/megatherium): A complete profile covering four-tonne size, claws, posture, herbivorous diet, South American range and extinction evidence.
- [Megatherium Size, Weight, Claws and Posture](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/megatherium-size-weight-claws-posture): Skeleton-based mass, rearing height, claw use, tripod support and bipedal limits.
- [What Did Megatherium Eat, and Why Did It Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/what-did-megatherium-eat-and-why-did-it-go-extinct): Teeth, isotopes, Campo Laborde butchery, climate and multi-factor extinction.
- [大地懒](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/megatherium): 与英文版结构一致的中文主题档案，涵盖四吨体型、巨爪、姿势、植食性、南美分布与灭绝证据。
- [大地懒的体型、体重、巨爪与姿势](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/megatherium-size-weight-claws-posture): 基于骨架的体重、直立高度、巨爪用途、三点支撑与两足活动边界。
- [大地懒吃什么，又为何灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/what-did-megatherium-eat-and-why-did-it-go-extinct): 牙齿、同位素、坎波拉沃德屠宰、气候与多因素灭绝。

- [Glyptodon](https://extinctatlas.com/species/glyptodon): Armour, body size, herbivory, South American range and terminal-Pleistocene extinction.
- [Glyptodon Size, Armour, Tail and Anatomy](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/glyptodon-size-armor-tail-anatomy): Shell construction, limbs, head and tail evidence.
- [What Did Glyptodon Eat, and Why Did It Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/what-did-glyptodon-eat-and-why-did-it-go-extinct): Teeth, isotopes, archaeology and environmental change.
- [雕齿兽](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/glyptodon): 与英文版结构一致的装甲、体型、食性、分布与灭绝主题中心。
- [雕齿兽的体型、装甲、尾部与解剖](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/glyptodon-size-armor-tail-anatomy): 甲壳构造、四肢、头部与尾部证据。
- [雕齿兽吃什么，又为何灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/what-did-glyptodon-eat-and-why-did-it-go-extinct): 牙齿、同位素、考古与环境变化。
- [Giant Deer](https://extinctatlas.com/species/megaloceros): Body size, record antlers, Eurasian range and regional extinction.
- [Giant Deer Size, Antlers and Body Comparison](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/giant-deer-size-antlers-body-comparison): Measured antlers, annual growth and deer identity.
- [Why Did the Giant Deer Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-did-giant-deer-go-extinct-antler-costs): Nutrition, habitat, humans and late Siberian survival.
- [巨角鹿](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/megaloceros): 与英文版结构一致的体型、纪录鹿角、欧亚分布与灭绝主题中心。
- [巨角鹿的体型、鹿角与身体对比](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/giant-deer-size-antlers-body-comparison): 鹿角实测、年度生长与鹿类身份。
- [巨角鹿为何灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-did-giant-deer-go-extinct-antler-costs): 营养、生境、人类与西伯利亚晚期存活。
- [Woolly Rhinoceros](https://extinctatlas.com/species/coelodonta): Ice Age size, horns, coat, grazing ecology and extinction.
- [Woolly Rhinoceros Size, Horns, Coat and Adaptations](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/woolly-rhinoceros-size-horns-coat-adaptations): Frozen tissue, flattened horns and cold adaptation.
- [Why Did the Woolly Rhinoceros Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-did-woolly-rhinoceros-go-extinct): Chronology, ancient DNA, warming and human overlap.
- [披毛犀](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/coelodonta): 与英文版结构一致的体型、角、毛被、食草生态与灭绝主题中心。
- [披毛犀的体型、角、毛被与冰期适应](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/woolly-rhinoceros-size-horns-coat-adaptations): 冻存软组织、扁平角与寒冷适应。
- [披毛犀为什么灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-did-woolly-rhinoceros-go-extinct): 年代学、古DNA、变暖与人类重叠。
- [Elasmotherium](https://extinctatlas.com/species/elasmotherium): Giant rhinoceros anatomy, horn evidence, grazing and extinction.
- [Elasmotherium Horn, Size and Unicorn Evidence](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/elasmotherium-horn-size-unicorn-evidence): Nasal boss, missing keratin horn and responsible reconstruction.
- [Why Did Elasmotherium Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-did-elasmotherium-go-extinct): Revised dates, dietary specialisation and habitat loss.
- [板齿犀](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/elasmotherium): 与英文版结构一致的巨犀解剖、角证据、食草与灭绝主题中心。
- [板齿犀的角、体型与独角兽证据](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/elasmotherium-horn-size-unicorn-evidence): 鼻骨隆起、缺失角质角与负责任复原。
- [板齿犀为什么灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-did-elasmotherium-go-extinct): 修订年代、食性专化与生境丧失。
- [Basilosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/basilosaurus): Fully aquatic whale anatomy, vestigial hind limbs and apex predation.
- [Basilosaurus Hind Legs, Body Shape and Whale Evolution](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/basilosaurus-hind-legs-body-whale-evolution): Spine, flippers, pelvis and whale transition evidence.
- [What Did Basilosaurus Eat?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/what-did-basilosaurus-eat-apex-predator): Teeth, stomach contents and bite-marked whale calves.
- [龙王鲸](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/basilosaurus): 与英文版结构一致的完全水生鲸解剖、退化后肢与顶级捕食主题中心。
- [龙王鲸的后肢、身体与鲸类演化](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/basilosaurus-hind-legs-body-whale-evolution): 脊柱、鳍肢、骨盆与鲸类过渡证据。
- [龙王鲸吃什么？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/what-did-basilosaurus-eat-apex-predator): 牙齿、胃内容物与带咬痕幼鲸。
- [Livyatan](https://extinctatlas.com/species/livyatan): Giant toothed sperm-whale skull, body estimates, predation and Miocene context.
- [Livyatan Size, Teeth, Skull and Anatomy](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/livyatan-size-teeth-skull-predatory-whale): Direct skull evidence and modelled body length.
- [Livyatan vs Megalodon](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/livyatan-vs-megalodon-size-bite-evidence): Size, teeth, prey and comparison limits.
- [利维坦鲸](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/livyatan): 与英文版结构一致的巨型齿鲸头骨、体型估算、捕食与中新世主题中心。
- [利维坦鲸的体型、牙齿、头骨与捕食解剖](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/livyatan-size-teeth-skull-predatory-whale): 直接头骨证据与模型体长。
- [利维坦鲸对比巨齿鲨](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/livyatan-vs-megalodon-size-bite-evidence): 体型、牙齿、猎物与比较边界。
- [Paraceratherium](https://extinctatlas.com/species/paraceratherium): Giant hornless rhinocerotoid size, browsing ecology and Asian range.
- [Paraceratherium Size, Height and Weight](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/paraceratherium-size-height-weight-largest-mammal): Fossil completeness, mass models and record claims.
- [Paraceratherium Neck, Diet, Habitat and Evolution](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/paraceratherium-neck-diet-habitat-evolution): High browsing, locomotion and rhinocerotoid identity.
- [巨犀](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/paraceratherium): 与英文版结构一致的无角巨犀体型、采食生态与亚洲分布主题中心。
- [巨犀的体型、身高与体重](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/paraceratherium-size-height-weight-largest-mammal): 化石完整度、体重模型与纪录主张。
- [巨犀的颈、食性、生境与演化](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/paraceratherium-neck-diet-habitat-evolution): 高处采食、运动与犀形类身份。
- [Argentinosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/argentinosaurus): Fragmentary giant titanosaur size, locomotion, feeding and growth.
- [Argentinosaurus Size, Length and Weight](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/argentinosaurus-size-length-weight-evidence): Measured bones versus modelled dimensions.
- [How Did Argentinosaurus Walk, Grow and Eat?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-argentinosaurus-walk-grow-and-eat): Gait simulation, air sacs, feeding and development.
- [阿根廷龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/argentinosaurus): 与英文版结构一致的巨型泰坦巨龙体型、运动、取食与生长主题中心。
- [阿根廷龙的体型、体长与体重](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/argentinosaurus-size-length-weight-evidence): 实测骨骼与模型尺寸。
- [阿根廷龙如何行走、生长与取食？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-argentinosaurus-walk-grow-and-eat): 步态模拟、气囊、取食与发育。
- [Giganotosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/giganotosaurus): Large theropod size, skull, teeth, prey and Tyrannosaurus comparison.
- [Giganotosaurus Size, Skull, Teeth and Body](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/giganotosaurus-size-skull-teeth-body): Holotype measurements and reconstruction limits.
- [Giganotosaurus vs Tyrannosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/giganotosaurus-vs-tyrannosaurus-size-bite): Time, mass, skull and bite comparison.
- [南方巨兽龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/giganotosaurus): 与英文版结构一致的大型兽脚类体型、头骨、牙齿、猎物与对比主题中心。
- [南方巨兽龙的体型、头骨、牙齿与身体](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/giganotosaurus-size-skull-teeth-body): 正模测量与复原边界。
- [南方巨兽龙对比霸王龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/giganotosaurus-vs-tyrannosaurus-size-bite): 时间、体重、头骨与咬合对比。
- [Allosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/allosaurus): Abundant Morrison fossils, anatomy, growth, prey and feeding mechanics.
- [Allosaurus Size, Skull, Arms and Body](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/allosaurus-size-skull-arms-body): Adult size, crests, jaws, arms and ontogeny.
- [How Did Allosaurus Hunt, Bite and Feed?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-allosaurus-hunt-bite-feed): Bite models, prey traces, injuries and pack-hunting limits.
- [异特龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/allosaurus): 与英文版结构一致的莫里逊化石、解剖、生长、猎物与取食主题中心。
- [异特龙的体型、头骨、前肢与身体](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/allosaurus-size-skull-arms-body): 成体尺度、眼上嵴、颌、前肢与个体发育。
- [异特龙如何捕猎、咬合与进食？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-allosaurus-hunt-bite-feed): 咬合模型、猎物痕迹、伤病与群猎边界。

- [Carnotaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/carnotaurus): Horned abelisaurid anatomy, skin, running and hunting evidence.
- [Carnotaurus Anatomy and Skin](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/carnotaurus-size-horns-arms-skin): Size, horns, tiny arms and scale impressions.
- [How Did Carnotaurus Hunt and Run?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-carnotaurus-hunt-and-run): Tail muscles, acceleration, turning and bite models.
- [食肉牛龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/carnotaurus): 与英文版一致的双角、皮肤、运动与捕猎主题中心。
- [食肉牛龙的体型、双角、前肢与皮肤](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/carnotaurus-size-horns-arms-skin): 骨架与皮肤直接证据及复原边界。
- [食肉牛龙如何捕猎与奔跑？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-carnotaurus-hunt-and-run): 尾肌、加速、转向与咬合模型。
- [Deinonychus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/deinonychus): Feathered dromaeosaur anatomy, sickle claw and pack-hunting evidence.
- [Deinonychus Anatomy and Sickle Claw](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/deinonychus-size-feathers-sickle-claw): Size, feathers, feet, hands and tail.
- [Did Deinonychus Hunt in Packs?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/did-deinonychus-hunt-in-packs): Tenontosaurus associations and social limits.
- [恐爪龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/deinonychus): 与英文版一致的羽毛、镰刀爪与群猎证据主题中心。
- [恐爪龙的体型、羽毛与镰刀爪](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/deinonychus-size-feathers-sickle-claw): 身体尺度、足爪、手与尾部证据。
- [恐爪龙会群猎吗？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/did-deinonychus-hunt-in-packs): 腱龙关联与社会行为边界。
- [Oviraptor](https://extinctatlas.com/species/oviraptor): Beak, feathers, diet, nests and the egg-thief correction.
- [Oviraptor Anatomy and Diet](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/oviraptor-size-beak-feathers-diet): Size, beak, crest, feathers and feeding.
- [Was Oviraptor Really an Egg Thief?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/was-oviraptor-really-an-egg-thief): Embryos, nests and brooding evidence.
- [窃蛋龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/oviraptor): 与英文版一致的喙、羽毛、食性、巢与“偷蛋”纠正主题中心。
- [窃蛋龙的体型、喙、羽毛与食性](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/oviraptor-size-beak-feathers-diet): 解剖、食性与复原证据。
- [窃蛋龙真是偷蛋贼吗？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/was-oviraptor-really-an-egg-thief): 胚胎、巢与孵卵证据。
- [Parasaurolophus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/parasaurolophus): Hollow crest, sound models, feeding and hadrosaur life.
- [Parasaurolophus Crest and Sound](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/parasaurolophus-size-crest-sound): CT airways, resonance and growth.
- [What Did Parasaurolophus Eat?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/what-did-parasaurolophus-eat-and-how-live): Dental batteries, habitat and social evidence.
- [副栉龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/parasaurolophus): 与英文版一致的中空头冠、声音模型、取食与生活主题中心。
- [副栉龙的体型、头冠与声音](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/parasaurolophus-size-crest-sound): CT气道、共振与生长证据。
- [副栉龙吃什么、如何生活？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/what-did-parasaurolophus-eat-and-how-live): 齿系、生境与社会证据。
- [Pachycephalosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/pachycephalosaurus): Dome growth, skull anatomy, diet and headbutting debate.
- [Pachycephalosaurus Dome and Skull](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/pachycephalosaurus-dome-size-skull): Size, bone structure and growth stages.
- [Did Pachycephalosaurus Headbutt?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/did-pachycephalosaurus-headbutt): Injury, mechanics and behaviour limits.
- [厚头龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/pachycephalosaurus): 与英文版一致的骨穹生长、头骨、食性与撞头争议主题中心。
- [厚头龙的骨穹、体型与头骨](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/pachycephalosaurus-dome-size-skull): 骨组织、尺寸与生长阶段。
- [厚头龙会撞头吗？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/did-pachycephalosaurus-headbutt): 创伤、力学与行为边界。
- [Archaeopteryx](https://extinctatlas.com/species/archaeopteryx): Feathers, flight, teeth, tail and bird-dinosaur evidence.
- [Archaeopteryx Flight Evidence](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/archaeopteryx-size-feathers-flight): Size, wings, feather asymmetry and launch models.
- [Was Archaeopteryx a Bird or Dinosaur?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/was-archaeopteryx-a-bird-or-dinosaur): Nested classification and fossil mosaic.
- [始祖鸟](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/archaeopteryx): 与英文版一致的羽毛、飞行、牙齿、尾与鸟—恐龙证据主题中心。
- [始祖鸟的体型、羽毛与飞行](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/archaeopteryx-size-feathers-flight): 翼、羽毛不对称与起飞模型。
- [始祖鸟是鸟还是恐龙？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/was-archaeopteryx-a-bird-or-dinosaur): 嵌套分类与化石镶嵌。
- [Dimetrodon](https://extinctatlas.com/species/dimetrodon): Sail-backed synapsid anatomy, diet and mammal-line identity.
- [Dimetrodon Anatomy and Identity](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/dimetrodon-size-sail-teeth-synapsid): Size, teeth, sail and synapsid evidence.
- [What Was the Dimetrodon Sail For?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/what-was-dimetrodon-sail-for): Display, thermoregulation and growth evidence.
- [异齿龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/dimetrodon): 与英文版一致的背帆、解剖、食性与哺乳动物谱系身份主题中心。
- [异齿龙的体型、背帆、牙齿与合弓身份](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/dimetrodon-size-sail-teeth-synapsid): 体型与分类证据。
- [异齿龙背帆有什么用途？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/what-was-dimetrodon-sail-for): 展示、热调节与生长证据。
- [Sarcosuchus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/sarcosuchus): Giant crocodyliform skull, size, growth and diet evidence.
- [Sarcosuchus Size and Skull](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/sarcosuchus-size-skull-teeth-body): Measured skulls, teeth, armour and body scaling.
- [Did Sarcosuchus Eat Dinosaurs?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/did-sarcosuchus-eat-dinosaurs): Prey claims, habitat and missing bite marks.
- [帝鳄](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/sarcosuchus): 与英文版一致的巨型鳄形类头骨、体型、生长与食性主题中心。
- [帝鳄的体型、头骨、牙齿与身体](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/sarcosuchus-size-skull-teeth-body): 实测头骨、牙、甲片与全身缩放。
- [帝鳄会吃恐龙吗？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/did-sarcosuchus-eat-dinosaurs): 猎物主张、生境与缺失咬痕。
- [Ichthyosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/ichthyosaurus): Streamlined marine reptile, eyes, fins, diet and live birth.
- [Ichthyosaurus Body and Senses](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/ichthyosaurus-size-body-eyes-fins): Size, soft-tissue outline, eyes and paddles.
- [How Did Ichthyosaurus Live at Sea?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-ichthyosaurus-swim-eat-give-birth): Swimming, meals and embryo evidence.
- [鱼龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/ichthyosaurus): 与英文版一致的流线身体、眼睛、鳍、食性与胎生主题中心。
- [鱼龙的体型、身体、眼睛与鳍](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/ichthyosaurus-size-body-eyes-fins): 软组织轮廓、眼睛与桨肢。
- [鱼龙如何游泳、取食和生产？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-ichthyosaurus-swim-eat-give-birth): 游泳、食物与胚胎证据。
- [Plesiosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/plesiosaurus): Long neck, four flippers, diet, swimming and reproduction.
- [Plesiosaurus Body Plan](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/plesiosaurus-size-neck-flippers-body): Size, neck joints, flippers and trunk.
- [How Did Plesiosaurus Swim and Feed?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-plesiosaurus-swim-and-feed): Four-flipper gait and feeding posture.
- [蛇颈龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/plesiosaurus): 与英文版一致的长颈、四鳍肢、食性、游泳与繁殖主题中心。
- [蛇颈龙的体型、长颈、鳍肢与身体](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/plesiosaurus-size-neck-flippers-body): 颈关节、鳍肢与躯干证据。
- [蛇颈龙如何游泳与取食？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-plesiosaurus-swim-and-feed): 四鳍步态与取食姿态。
- [Great Auk](https://extinctatlas.com/species/great-auk): Flightless diving bird, North Atlantic colonies and 1844 extinction.
- [Great Auk Size and Diving](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/great-auk-size-wings-diving): Wings, body, bill and penguin convergence.
- [Why Did the Great Auk Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-did-the-great-auk-go-extinct): Harvest, egg collecting and final records.
- [大海雀](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/great-auk): 与英文版一致的不会飞潜水鸟、北大西洋繁殖群与1844年灭绝主题中心。
- [大海雀的体型、翼与潜水](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/great-auk-size-wings-diving): 翼、身体、喙与企鹅趋同。
- [大海雀为何灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-did-the-great-auk-go-extinct): 捕获、采卵与最后记录。
- [Passenger Pigeon](https://extinctatlas.com/species/passenger-pigeon): Giant flocks, migration, forest ecology and 1914 extinction.
- [Passenger Pigeon Flocks and Migration](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/passenger-pigeon-size-flocks-migration): Size, movement and historical estimates.
- [Why Did the Passenger Pigeon Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-did-the-passenger-pigeon-go-extinct): Markets, railways, habitat and social collapse.
- [旅鸽](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/passenger-pigeon): 与英文版一致的巨型鸽群、迁徙、森林生态与1914年灭绝主题中心。
- [旅鸽的体型、鸽群与迁徙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/passenger-pigeon-size-flocks-migration): 尺度、移动与历史数量估算。
- [旅鸽为何灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-did-the-passenger-pigeon-go-extinct): 市场、铁路、生境与社会崩溃。
- [Steller's Sea Cow](https://extinctatlas.com/species/stellers-sea-cow): Giant kelp-eating sirenian and documented 1768 extinction.
- [Steller's Sea Cow Body and Diet](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/stellers-sea-cow-size-body-kelp-diet): Size, skin, flippers, tail and kelp feeding.
- [Why Did Steller's Sea Cow Go Extinct?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/why-did-stellers-sea-cow-go-extinct): Hunting, restricted range and ecological context.
- [斯特拉海牛](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/stellers-sea-cow): 与英文版一致的巨型食海带海牛类与1768年灭绝主题中心。
- [斯特拉海牛的体型、身体与海带食性](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/stellers-sea-cow-size-body-kelp-diet): 皮肤、鳍肢、尾与取食证据。
- [斯特拉海牛为何灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/why-did-stellers-sea-cow-go-extinct): 捕猎、局限分布与生态背景。
- [Therizinosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/therizinosaurus): Giant claws, inferred feathers, herbivory and reconstruction limits.
- [Therizinosaurus Size and Reconstruction](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/therizinosaurus-size-claws-body-feathers): Direct arm bones versus relative-based body form.
- [What Were Therizinosaurus Claws For?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/what-did-therizinosaurus-use-claws-for): Feeding, display and defence evidence.
- [镰刀龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/therizinosaurus): 与英文版一致的巨爪、推断羽毛、植食与复原边界主题中心。
- [镰刀龙的体型、巨爪、身体与羽毛](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/therizinosaurus-size-claws-body-feathers): 直接前肢骨与近亲身体复原。
- [镰刀龙用巨爪做什么？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/what-did-therizinosaurus-use-claws-for): 取食、展示与防御证据。
- [Lystrosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/lystrosaurus): Beak, tusks, burrowing and survival across the end-Permian crisis.
- [Lystrosaurus Anatomy and Burrowing](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/lystrosaurus-size-tusks-beak-burrowing): Size, tusks, beak, limbs and seasonal growth.
- [How Did Lystrosaurus Survive Mass Extinction?](https://extinctatlas.com/species-guide/how-did-lystrosaurus-survive-mass-extinction): Stratigraphy, torpor, range and recovery ecology.
- [水龙兽](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/lystrosaurus): 与英文版一致的喙、獠牙、掘穴与二叠纪末幸存主题中心。
- [水龙兽的体型、獠牙、喙与掘穴](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/lystrosaurus-size-tusks-beak-burrowing): 体型、獠牙、喙、肢与季节生长。
- [水龙兽如何跨过大灭绝？](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species-guide/how-did-lystrosaurus-survive-mass-extinction): 地层、蛰伏、分布与恢复生态。

## A-tier profile quality status

Eleven A-tier organisms have individually curated English and Chinese profiles. Another 139 have structured bilingual expansions with answer-first summaries, quick facts, anatomy, ecology, range, evidence, disappearance context, uncertainty, FAQs and entity sources; those pages are visibly labelled as awaiting independent editorial review. An AI-assisted audit on 2026-09-02 corrected identified issues without promoting those 139 profiles. The canonical index is the [English life archive](https://extinctatlas.com/archive); the corresponding Chinese index is the [中文生命档案](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/archive).

- [South Island Giant Moa](https://extinctatlas.com/species/south-island-giant-moa): Size, sexual dimorphism, diet, habitat, evidence and human-driven extinction.
- [南岛巨型恐鸟](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/south-island-giant-moa): 与英文版一致的体型、雌雄差异、食性、栖息地、证据与灭绝档案。
- [Haast's Eagle](https://extinctatlas.com/species/haasts-eagle): Size, forest flight, moa hunting, evidence and extinction after prey collapse.
- [哈斯特鹰](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/haasts-eagle): 与英文版一致的体型、森林飞行、猎杀恐鸟、证据与灭绝档案。
- [Jaekelopterus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/jaekelopterus): Giant-claw scaling, freshwater habitat, anatomy, evidence and uncertainty.
- [耶克尔鲎](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/jaekelopterus): 与英文版一致的巨螯比例、淡水栖息地、解剖、证据与不确定性档案。
- [Cameroceras](https://extinctatlas.com/species/cameroceras): Straight shell, buoyancy, uncertain size, taxonomy and Ordovician ecology.
- [房角石](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/cameroceras): 与英文版一致的直壳、浮力、不确定体型、分类与奥陶纪生态档案。
- [Helicoprion](https://extinctatlas.com/species/helicoprion): Lower-jaw tooth whorl, CT evidence, feeding mechanics, range and extinction.
- [旋齿鲨](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/helicoprion): 与英文版一致的下颌齿旋、CT证据、取食力学、分布与灭绝档案。
- [Edestus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/edestus): Tooth blades, feeding mechanics, fossil limits and Carboniferous turnover.
- [剪齿鲨](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/edestus): 与英文版一致的齿刃、取食力学、化石局限与石炭纪更替档案。
- [Eusthenopteron](https://extinctatlas.com/species/eusthenopteron): Lobe-fins, tetrapod transition, aquatic life, Miguasha fossils and evidence limits.
- [真掌鳍鱼](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/eusthenopteron): 与英文版一致的肉鳍、四足转变、水生生活、米瓜沙化石与证据边界档案。
- [Inostrancevia](https://extinctatlas.com/species/inostrancevia): Saber canines, prey, Russian floodplains, evidence and end-Permian extinction.
- [伊诺史川兽](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/inostrancevia): 与英文版一致的剑齿、猎物、俄罗斯洪泛平原、证据与二叠纪末灭绝档案。
- [Scutosaurus](https://extinctatlas.com/species/scutosaurus): Skin armor, herbivory, habitat, fossil evidence and end-Permian extinction.
- [盾甲龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/scutosaurus): 与英文版一致的皮肤装甲、植食性、栖息地、化石证据与二叠纪末灭绝档案。
- [Iguanodon](https://extinctatlas.com/species/iguanodon): Size, thumb spike, posture, diet, Bernissart fossils and reconstruction history.
- [禽龙](https://extinctatlas.com/zh/species/iguanodon): 与英文版一致的体型、拇指刺、姿态、食性、贝尔尼萨特化石与复原史档案。

## Machine-readable resources

- [Full species archive for language models](https://extinctatlas.com/llms-full.txt): Compact bilingual records for all 570 organisms.
- [XML sitemap](https://extinctatlas.com/sitemap.xml): Canonical discoverable URLs and image entries.
- [Robots policy](https://extinctatlas.com/robots.txt): Crawler access rules.

## Interpretation notes

- Every species has separate Chinese, English, Spanish and French URLs connected by reciprocal hreflang annotations.
- Reconstruction images are original generative illustrations. They are not photographs, fossil plates or substitutes for peer-reviewed research figures.
- Dates and causes reflect the editorial record and may change as taxonomy or scientific evidence changes.
- Cite the canonical species URL when referencing an EXTINCT ATLAS summary.